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Introduction to Kubernetes KubectlKubernetes kubectl provides us a command-line interface to interact with Kubernetes clusters. It can be installed on any machine or workstation so that we can manage our Kubernetes cluster remotely. We can manage multiple clusters using ‘use-context’ command from the same machine or workstation. It is also known as ‘Kube Control’. We can manage nodes in the cluster such as draining node for maintenance, update taint on a node, etc. Whenever we run kubectl command it looks for the kubeconfig file in $HOME/.kube folder.
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Syntax and Parameters of Kubernetes KubectlSyntax:
kubectl [command] [TYPE] [NAME] [flags]Parameters:
let’s understand each component of the syntax:
command: it defines what action or operation we want to perform on any object or resource of the cluster like get, describe, delete, etc.
type: it defines on what type of resource we want to perform the action like pods, deployments, services, etc. We can use singular, plural or abbreviated forms, for example, to list a pod we can use type as pod, pods or pod. It is also case-insensitive.
Name: it defines on which resource we want to perform the operation and it is case-sensitive which means POD1 and pod1 is two different resources in Kubernetes cluster.
Examples of kubernetes KubectlBelow are the examples given:
kubectl get pods kubectl get pods nginx-6db489d4b7-hzvwxExplanation: In the above example, the first command listed all pods running under default namespace. To get specific pod we need to give the name of the resource, here pod name is “nginx-6db489d4b7-hzvwx”. If we want to list all pods in all namespaces, we use “–all-namespaces” flag as below: –
kubectl get po --all-namespacesKubectl has a good documentation and we can know all commands it has, using ‘–help’ flag as below: –
kubectl --helpIf we see the above snapshot, what we understand is that commands are divided into groups like basic commands, deploy commands, cluster management commands, troubleshooting commands etc. and most of the commands are self-explanatory.
Basic Commands of Kubernetes Kubectl with ExamplesLet’s explore some of the basic but essential commands:
1. createThis command can be used to create a new resource from a file mostly it is a yaml file or from a stdin mostly from the terminal.
Syntax:
Example:
kubectl create -f my-nginx.ymlHere is the code of chúng tôi file:
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: my-nginx labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: my-nginx image: nginx port: - containerPort: 80Explanation: In the above example, it created a pod with name my-nginx.
2. getWe use ‘get’ command to know the status of any resources like Pods, Deployments, Services, etc. We have just created a pod and we want to know the status of the pod, we can use get command as below: –
Syntax:
Example:
$kubectl get pods $kubectl get pods my-nginxExplanation: In the above snapshot, the first command is used to list all pods running under default namespace. If the pods are running under a different namespace, we need to specify the namespace as well. The second command displays the status of specific pods.
3. exposeIt is used to expose our deployment, pods, replicaset, service, and replication controller as a Kubernetes service to access it from the host. For example, we have created an nginx pod and now want to access it from our host, we need to create a service using expose command as below: –
Syntax:
Example:
kubectl get svc kubectl expose pod my-nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --name=my-nginx-svcExplanation: In the above snapshot, the first command is used to list available services and we can see only one service is there. Second command is used to expose the newly created ‘my-nginx’ pod and source and destination port is the same and given a name of the service called ‘my-nginx-svc’ however service name is optional here, if we don’t provide service name it will pick pod name as service name by default. Also you can expose the same pod multiple times by changing the service name. When we run the first command second time, we can see there is a new service called ‘my-nginx-svc’ is visible now and if we curl the IP of that service we can access our nginx pod from the host itself.
Note: Pod must have at least one label to it otherwise you will get an error.
4. runIt is used to run any image in the cluster. When we use ‘run’ command it creates a deployment by default and runs a pod under this deployment and by default it sets replicas equal to 1. If we delete the pod running with that deployment, deployment is going to create a new pod and it will continue. We need to delete the deployment if we have to delete the pod running under this deployment.
Example:
kubectl run test-nginx --image=nginx kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 test-nginx2 --image=nginxExplanation: In the above snapshot, we run annginx image and by default, Kubernetes creates a deployment with run command however it is deprecated. This command might not work in future versions. If we have to create only a pod using ‘run’ command, we need to use ‘–generator=run-pod/v1’ option or else use ‘create’ command to create pods or any resources from a file or stdin.
5. editit is used to edit any existing resource in the cluster. It opens a yaml file of that resource. We need to just make the changes to the file and save it. It will be applied to the resource. For example, if we want to make changes in our running ‘my-nginx’ pod, we can use the ‘edit’ command as below.
Syntax:
Example:
kubectl edit pod my-nginx kubectl get pod my-nginx --show-labelsExplanation: In the above snapshot, we edited the ‘my-nginx’ pod and changed the environment label from ‘production’ to ‘test’.
6. describeIt is used to know all about any resources like pod, deployment, services etc. It is very useful for troubleshooting. For example, if we want to know more about our ‘my-nginx’ pod as we get very less information using ‘get’ command. We can use ‘describe’ command as below: –
Syntax:
Example:
$kubectl describe pod my-nginxExplanation: In the above snapshot, we get all details of our ‘my-nginx’ pod starting from name to containers, mounts, networks, events, etc. Events are very useful to troubleshoot any issue in the pod.
7. scaleThis command is used to scale our deployment, replica set or replica controller as per our requirement. For example, we have a deployment called ‘test-nginx’ running with 1 replica and want to scale the deployment to run 3 replicas of that pod, we can use scale command as below: –
Example:
kubectl get deploy kubectl scale deployment test-nginx --replicas=3 kubectl get podsExplanation: In the above snapshot, we have only one replica of the deployment and after increasing the replicas count from 1 to 3, we can see 3 pods are running now.
8. drainIt is used to drain the node for maintenance activity as if there is any hardware failure on that node and we don’t want to schedule a pod on that until maintenance has been performed on it.
Syntax:
Example:
kubectl get nodes kubectl drain node01 --ignore-daemonsetsExplanation: In the above snapshot, we have 2 nodes cluster with 1 master and 1 worker node. We can see after draining the node status has been changed from ‘Ready’ to ‘Ready,SchedulingDisabled’ that means Kubernetes controller is going to schedule any pod on it. Existing pods will be migrated to other available nodes in the cluster. Here we have only one worker node so we need to use ‘–ignore-daemonsets’ option to drain the node.
9. taintIt is used to taint a node. Node affinity is used to attract a pod to schedule on the specific node whereas taint is used to repel a set of pods to not schedule on the node. It is used for dedicated nodes like nodes that are dedicated to a specific group of users or if nodes have special hardware like nodes with GPUs or to evict the node as per taint. It uses key and value with taint effect NoSchedule. In this case, no pods will be scheduled on those nodes other than pods having tolerations.
Syntax:
Example:
kubectl taint nodes node01 key=value:NoSchedule 10. versionIt is used to check the client and server version of the Kubernetes cluster.
Example:
kubectl version ConclusionKubectl has multiple commands and some of them are self-explanatory and some of them are not used in day to day management of the Kubernetes cluster. Here, we have discussed the most important and daily used commands to manage and troubleshoot our Kubernetes cluster.
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Syntax And Examples Of Matlab Loglog()
Introduction to Matlab loglog()
In MATLAB, loglog() function is a 2D plot creation function that generates a plot with a logarithmic scale (base 10). It plots data sets of both ‘x’ and ‘y’ axes in the logarithmic scale. It is basically useful to generate plot either for very large values or very small positive values. The plot is generated from loglog() function by setting the properties of the axes, XScale and YScale to ‘log’.
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This function also allows us to generate a logarithmic plot for complex numbers setting the real value of the input as x-axis coordinates and imaginary value of the input as y-axis coordinates.
Syntax of Matlab loglog()Syntax:
Various syntaxes are supported by the MATLAB function loglog() depending on the of plot to be generated.
Syntax Description
loglog(X,Y) This is used to create the plot applying the logarithmic scale on the x-axis and y-axis.
loglog(X,Y,LineSpec) This is used to create the plot applying the logarithmic scale on the x-axis and y-axis with specified Line specifications in terms of line style, marker, or color.
loglog(X1,Y1,...,Xn,Yn) This is used to create multiple plots with respect to each pair of x, y coordinates (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2),…, (Xn, Yn) applying logarithmic scale on the same set of X-Y axes.
This syntax is an alternative to the declaration of multiset coordinates as matrices.
loglog(X1,Y1,LineSpec1,...,Xn,Yn,LineSpecn) This is used to create multiple plots with respect to each pair of x, y coordinates (X1, Y1), (X2, Y2),…, (Xn,Yn) applying logarithmic scale on the same set of X-Y axes with specified Line specification in terms of line style, marker or color for each set.
loglog(Y) This is used to create the plot ‘Y’ with respect to the set of x-axis which is implicit to it.
loglog(Y,LineSpec) This is used to create the plot ‘Y’ with respect to the set of x-axis which is implicit to it with customized values for line style, marker, and color.
This is used to create the plot applying logarithmic scale on x-axis and y-axis along with customizing attributes of the display of the plot given in the format of Name-Value pair argument
This is used to create the plot applying the logarithmic scale on the x-axis and y-axis on the newly set target axes.
This is used to create the plot applying the logarithmic scale on the x-axis and y-axis and stores in the line type object lineobj. This object can be used to edit the plot properties after the plot is created.
Examples of Matlab loglog()Following are the examples of Matlab loglog().
Example #1grid on
Output:
Example #2grid on
Output:
Here the logarithmic plot for the inputs ydata1 and ydata2 are created with the common x-coordinates from xdata.
Example #3legend(‘Signal 1′,’Signal 2’)
Output:
The function extends its feature to provide flexibility on the customization of the plot even after it is generated. This feature can be used by using the line object to store the plot generated from the loglog() function.
Example #4lg(2).Color = [0.5 1 1];
Output:
Input Arguments:
The syntaxes are developed based on the input arguments supported by the function definition. Different parameters that can be used as input parameters are described in the below table:
x coordinates-X The input data is used to set the data points on X-axis.
y coordinates-Y The input data is used to set the data points on Y-axis to create the plot.
LineSpec A vector of characters or string of symbols that can be used to decide on line style, marker, or color for the plot.
Target axes- ax New axes object which can be set as target axes for the plot.
Example #5Output:
Attributes:
The function supports customization of the plot generated through it, by means of some of the predefined attributes. The display of the plot can be altered by altering the values of the attributes following the format of the name-value pair argument.
Color The value specified preceded with the keyword ‘color’, in the form of name-value pair, sets the color of the line.
LineWidth The value specified preceded with the keyword ‘LineWidth, in the form of name-value pair, sets the width of the line.
MarkerSize The positive value specified preceded with the keyword ‘MarkerSize’, in the form of name-value pair, sets the size of the marker.
MarkerEdgeColor The value specified preceded with the keyword ‘MarkerEdgeColor’ , in the form of name-value pair, sets the color for the outline of the marker.
MarkerFaceColor The value specified preceded with the keyword ‘MarkerFaceColor, in the form of name-value pair, decides the color to be filled in the inner area of the marker.
Example #6grid on
Output:
Additional Note:
On-call of loglog() function the properties XScale and YScale does not change if hold state for the axes is set to status ON. In this case, the scale of the displayed plot will be set as linear or semilog automatically.
If one set of coordinates are connected by line segments, then vectors X and Y must be having the same length and if multiple set of coordinates are sharing a common set of axes, at least one input out of X and Y needs to be specified as a matrix.
When an implicit set of x-coordinates are in picture i.e. the function call is using the only Y as an input argument, the range of x-coordinates is decided based on
Y as a vector: Range of x is 1 to length(Y)
Y as a matrix: Range of x is 1 to Rows(Y) (Number of rows)
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to Matlab loglog(). Here we also discuss the introduction and syntax of Matlab loglog() along with different examples and its code implementation. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
Syntax And Examples Of Plsql Variable
Introduction to PLSQL Variable
PL/ SQL variable is the storage space location place in the memory which helps you to store the value of a particular type. We can store any kind of values inside the variable such as numbers, strings, Boolean or characters. The variable helps you to assign the name to a particular location in the memory which you can use to store and access the value in your program.
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Syntax of PLSQL VariableBefore you go for using your variable inside the program it is necessary that you declare its name and the constraints related to it in the declaration block of your PL/ SQL program. In order to declare your variable, you can make the use of following syntax –
Name of variable datatype [NOT NULL] [: = starting initial value];In the above syntax the terminologies used are described below –
Name of variable: This is the variable name that you wish to give to your variable using which you can access it further in your program to assign or manipulate or retrieve its value in the PL/ SQL program. It is necessary to provide the meaningful names to the variables used in PL/ SQL. The datatype of the variable can be assigned depending on what type of value will be stored in the variable such as character, Boolean, date time or number.
The scope of variables is either local or global depending on where we have declared it and where we will be able to access its value. If the scope of variable is going to be local, we declare the name of variable preceding with l_ and if the scope is going to be global then the variable should have the its name preceding with g_ .
Examples of PLSQL VariableIn the below program we are trying to declare three local variables with names as l_joining_date, l_retrirement_date, l_duty_period in the declaration part of PL/SQL program.
DECLARE l_joining_date DATE; l_retirement_date DATE; l_duty_period NUMBER (10,0); BEGIN NULL; END;The output of the above code is as shown in the below image –
Assigning the Default ValueWe can also set the initial value to a variable while declaring it in the declaration block by using the DEFAULT keyword or even with the help of assignment operator i.e.: = operator. Let us consider the following example where we are trying to initialize a variable named gadget with mobile phone string.
DECLARE l_gadget VARCHAR2( 100 ) := 'Mobile Phone'; BEGIN NULL; END;The execution of above program gives out the following output –
The program shown above will work in the same way when we will write it in the below format –
DECLARE l_gadget VARCHAR2( 100 ) DEFAULT 'Mobile Phone'; BEGIN NULL; END;The output of the above program is also same giving the result as below –
Just what change we did was instead of using the assignment operator :=, we made the use of DEFAULT keyword.
Applying NOT NULL ConstraintIt is optional to give your variable constraint of NOT NULL. But in case if you have assigned this constraint then you cannot store NULL value in your variable because it will throw out the error. Also remember that the blank string is treated as NULL value in PL/ SQL. Hence, in case if you have declared a variable with NOT NULL constraint of datatype varchar or string and you are trying to assign blank value to it, program will throw an error while executing it.
Let us consider the same scenario where we will try to assign the zero length string value to a variable named l_order_details having NOT NULL constraint as shown in the below program –
DECLARE l_order_details VARCHAR2( 125 ) NOT NULL := 'Skipping Rope'; BEGIN l_shipping_status := ''; END;The execution of above code will throw an error as shown below –
This was because a variable with NOT NULL constraint could not accept the zero-length string as its value as it is also considered NULL in PL/ SQL.
Assigning Values to Variables DECLARE l_medical_equipment VARCHAR2(100) := 'Oximeter'; BEGIN l_medical_equipment := 'BP Measuring Machine'; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(l_medical_equipment); END;The output of executing the above program is as shown below –
Assigning Value of One Variable to OtherWe can even assign the value of the other variable to one variable in PL/ SQL program. Let us see one such example where we will declare two variables named l_written_for and l_article_topic. The variable l_article_topic is initialized with value PL/ SQL Variable. The value of l_article_topic variable is assigned to l_written_for variable and when we are trying to print the value of the l_written_for variable value in the output then we get the same value which is PL/ SQL Variable as assigned as default value to l_article_topic variable.
DECLARE l_article_topic VARCHAR2(100) := 'PL/ SQL Variable'; l_written_for VARCHAR2(100); BEGIN l_written_for := l_article_topic; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(l_written_for); END;The output of the execution of above program is as shown below –
We can even make the use of variables declared in the program anywhere in the program such as while specifying if conditions, counters for the loop statements or even while creating a query statement in the condition and constraint specification.
ConclusionIn PL/ SQL variables are the names assigned to the memory locations so that we can store the value in the memory block which can be assigned the datatype to specify what type of values will be stored in them. We can even access this memory location values by using the variable names.
Recommended ArticlesWe hope that this EDUCBA information on “PLSQL Variable” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.
Syntax And Different Examples Of Db2 Like
Introduction to DB2 LIKE
DB2 LIKE statement is used to get the Boolean value after the mentioned expression contains a characteristic or a particular part of the string inside the original expression mentioned. The pattern string can contain many characters in it. Some of which can be regular characters, while other ones can be special characters which are also referred to as wildcards. This is the same pattern that we are trying to search and retrieve from the main original string. Here, we will see how we can use the LIKE operator to recognize any particular string inside the main or the original string inside. We are trying to search the pattern, its syntax and the implementation, and certain examples.
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Syntax of DB2 LIKEThe syntax of the LIKE operator is as shown below:
The LIKE operator returns the Boolean value as it is a logical operator. It returns the true value when it finds the specified pattern followed by the main string or expression which we have specified. Note that we can specify the regular characters containing alphabets and numbers as well as special characters like other symbols such as #, %,$, {,}, etc.. inside the pattern string that we will specify. In the above syntax, the name of the column can be any column whose value will be in varchar datatype or can be implicitly converted to varchar datatype.
We can use the LIKE operator inside the SELECT, UPDATE or even the DELETE operator. It is not necessary that we use the LIKE operator for columns only. It can also be used for expressions that evaluate to a string value. Further, we have to specify the pattern, which is the string that we are trying to search for in our column of expression, which can be a combination of regular and special characters. The special characters having the symbols _ and % are called as wildcard characters. They have special meaning when specified in a pattern. When % is used we mean that zero or more number of occurrences of any characters can be present over there. While the use of _ in the pattern means that we can have any single occurrence of character at that particular space.
For example, when we specify “%as” the pattern then what we mean is that the expression or column can have any number of the characters at the beginning of the string. However, it should end with as in the end. Suppose that now we specify the pattern containing _ in it. Our pattern is “s_r”, which means that the column value or expression should evaluate to a value that should be beginning with s and ending with r, containing any one character between them such as sir, sar, etc.
If the column value or the expression contains any special characters which are wild card characters like _ of %, then they can be escaped by specifying it as the escape character, when they are escaped using the escape character they are considered as the regular characters inside the main column or expression.
Examples of DB2 LIKEGiven below are the examples of DB2 LIKE:
Let us now consider certain examples that will help us understand how we can use the LIKE operator to make the efficient detection of a particular pattern inside the string.
Firstly, we will search for a pattern inside the column values of a particular table.
Consider a table named employee_details that contains all the information related to each of the employees in it. When we try to retrieve the data of that table we can make the use of the following query statement.
Code:
SELECT * FROM [employee_details]
The execution of above query statement gives the following output with all the details in it.
Output:
Code:
SELECT * FROM [employee_details] WHERE mobile_number LIKE "914568524_";
The execution of above query statement gives the following output with all the details of an employee whose number has 914568524 as the first 9 digits of it.
Output:
Let us consider one more example on the column name l_name of the employee_details table and try to retrieve all the employees whose last name ends with “NI”. In order to do that, our search pattern will be “%NI” which means that the column value of the string can precede with any number of the characters in the beginning, but it should end with NI characters only.
Code:
SELECT * FROM [employee_details] where l_name LIKE "%NI" ;
Output:
Now, suppose that we have to get the details of employee name and mobile number of the employees that have joined in either 6th month of 6th date or 6th year. Then we can say that the joining date should include 06 in it. This can be done using the pattern “%06%” specifying that the string can contain any characters in the beginning and even at the ending but should contain 06 in it.
Code:
SELECT f_name as Name , mobile_number as "Contact Number" FROM [employee_details] where joining_date LIKE "%06%" ;
The execution of above query statement gives the following output with all the details of an employee having 06 in the joining date column.
Output:
ConclusionWe can make the use of the LIKE operator in DB2 to get a Boolean value which helps to determine whether a particular column or string value follows the specified pattern.
Recommended ArticlesThis is a guide to DB2 LIKE. Here we discuss the introduction and the examples of the DB2 LIKE for a better understanding. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
Kubernetes: Product Overview And Insight
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Users generally praise Kubernetes for its user focus, strong API support and the ability to run it on-premises or in the cloud. It also has attracted a large and strong multi-stakeholder community – meaning its growth will remain robust.
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Clearly, Kubernetes has emerged as a powerful tool for deploying, automating, scaling and managing components. The container control tool defines building blocks and uses them to manage activities related to software development. It runs containers at scale and deploy microservices. It is built into Docker and other container tools, services and platforms, including AWS and Azure. The service offers a robust set of APIs that allow it to work with numerous other tools.
Kubernetes has completely changed how we use applications. While containers helped developers speed up application delivery, Kubernetes made application deployment and day two operations seamless and more programmatic. The fact that Kubernetes can support both stateless and stateful applications is helping organizations embrace cloud native without much of operational investments.
Kubernetes delivers an open source system for managing and orchestrating containers in the cloud. It was developed by Google, but it is now managed by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.
Powerful controls are at the center of an effective container initiative. Kubernetes delivers an array of features and functions. These include: service delivery and load balancing, storage orchestration, automated rollout and rollbacks, batch execution, automated binpacking, self-healing, horizontal scaling and the ability to update secrets and application configuration without rebuilding an image and exposing any information. The Kubernetes API supports powerful scheduling capabilities through pods, which manage a volume on a local disk or a network drive. This allows users to manage containers and microservices more easily by combining and recombining pods as needed.
Docker and other container tools.
Microsoft Windows, Linux
Kubernetes works across infrastructures and cloud services. It’s nearly ubiquitous because it delivers broad and deep support for container management and orchestration through APIs. It supports nearly every major type of persistent volume, including ASWElastic BlockStore, AzureFile, ZureDisk, NFS and iSCSI.
Powerful scheduling tools that use pods to support clusters, containers and compute resources. Kubernetes also includes experimental support for managing Nvidia and AMD GPUs spread across nodes.
Kubernetes offers Transport Level Security (TLS) for all API traffic. Features API authentication and API authorizations. Numerous other controls.
The control panel provides information and insights into scheduling, APIs, service and cloud management. Kubernetes excels in service discovery and provides strong management capabilities through unique IP addresses and a single DNS name for a set of containers.
The Kubernetes tools is open source and available at no cost. However, when it’s built into commercials solutions the price varies for those solutions.
Features Kubernetes
Supported platforms Supports Docker and other container tools. Windows and Linux.
Key features Supports service delivery and load balancing; storage orchestration; automated rollout and rollbacks; batch execution; automated binpacking; self-healing; horizontal scaling. Powerful scheduling through pods.
High marks for infrastructure management and orchestration. Some complain that the platform and certain features can be difficult to use.
Pricing and licensing Free open source version but some vendors offers proprietary tools at varying costs.
Features Kubernetes
Supported platforms Supports Docker and other container tools. Windows and Linux.
Key features Supports service delivery and load balancing; storage orchestration; automated rollout and rollbacks; batch execution; automated binpacking; self-healing; horizontal scaling. Powerful scheduling through pods.
High marks for infrastructure management and orchestration. Some complain that the platform and certain features can be difficult to use.
Pricing and licensing Free open source version but some vendors offers proprietary tools at varying costs.
Types And Examples Of A Special Journal
Definition of Special Journal
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This type of special journal is required in the case of manual accounting. By this method, the finalization work is eased out since the accountant of the company usually takes some care to check the posting of the special journal into the proper ledgers and thus avoids the mistakes of debit and credit while doing accounting.
Types of Special JournalVarious types of the special journal are explained below:
Cash Receipt Journal: It records all the cash receipts which are done in the company in the financial year. It is a specialized transaction that records the sales of the items, which are done using cash and when it is received.
Cash Payment Journal: It records the payments which are done by using cash. It is also a special journal that records the cash payments made to the creditors by the company in the financial year.
Purchase Journal: The purchase journal helps to record all the purchases which are made on credit in the financial year. It helps to keep a check on the orders placed.
Sales Journal: This type of journal helps to record the sales made during the year. This account keeps a track of the debtor’s balances or customer balances who purchase the items from the company and the company keeps a check whether the dues are received or not.
Examples of Special JournalA company has recorded sales for the financial year for $4,000. The company will record the same in the sales journal which is also known as a special journal. Now while recording the sales the company will create a sales invoice in the name of the company ad it will present the same before the other party on the future date when the payment is required to be made. In the year-end when the accountant will check the books of accounts the Accounts Receivable A/c will be debited with $ 4,000 and the sales will be credited with $ 4,000
The ledger of Accounts receivables will be taken care of and all the payments, if not settled by the customers, will be settled on the given dates. Thus this helps to eliminate the efforts to check all the ledgers in case of any mismatch in the books of accounts also it provides detailed information of the debtors of the company thus making it easy for the company to rely on the special journal i.e. Sales Journal.
Advantages of Special Journal
The special journal is designed in such a way that it is very helpful for the company to post the entries in the books of accounts. The accountant can get detailed information about the ledgers. The changes of getting the posting wrong are minimal to a greater extent.
The transactions of the company are recorded in the special journal and each transaction can be easily traced and checked because the entries are done on an individual basis for example the accountant will clearly mention the name of the debtors in the Account receivable A/c so that in case of the settlement the accountant can inform the higher authority regarding the payment which is still due with the customers.
A continued checking process is always there when it comes to posting the entries. When a posting is done it affects two ledgers and thus it is always checked before and after posting the transactions and so the chances of frauds and mistakes are reduced in the company.
The special journals are very useful techniques when it comes to recording transactions but it can be difficult for the accountant who has limited knowledge regarding the posting. The accounting entries in special cases can be very tedious for those who are not able to understand the accounting concepts and its double entries effect.
The company may have to hire some account experts to do the task for them for that they have to pay some extra salary to the experts and this will increase the cost to the company.
The special journal entries are very beneficial but it is also very time-consuming. Many small companies may not be willing to adopt this kind of practice.
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