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Introduction to PHP queue

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The syntax to declare queue in PHP is as follows:

enqueue(item_to_added_to_the_queue); dequeue();

where item_to_be_added_to_the_queue is the item that is going to be added to the queue at the end of the queue or the tail of the queue.

Working of the queue in PHP

Queue in PHP is a data structure that operates based on First In First Out, which is also called FIFO.

Four basic operations define a queue, namely init, enqueue, dequeue, and isEmpty.

init operation is used for the creation of the queue.

enqueue operation is used to add an item at the end of the queue or the tail of the queue.

The dequeue operation is used to remove an item from the front of the queue or the head of the queue.

isEmpty operation is used to check if the queue is empty or not; that is, it returns if the queue contains no more items or not.

Examples of PHP queue

Here are the following examples mention below

Example #1

PHP program to add the items to a queue from the end of the queue using enqueue() function and remove the items from the front of the queue using the dequeue() function, and display the contents of the queue:

Code:

<?php $newqueue = new SplQueue(); } print_r ($newqueue); print_r ($newqueue);

In the above program, we are creating an instance of the SplQueue() class. Then we are adding items to the queue from the tail of the queue or the end of the queue. Then we are making use of the rewind() function to bring the file pointer to the beginning of the queue. Then we are using the valid() function to check if the queue is valid or not after using the rewind() function and then displaying the elements of the queue. Then we are printing the contents of the queue in a human-readable format by using the print_r function. Then we remove the first two items from the head of the queue using the dequeue() function and then display the queue contents after using the dequeuer() function in human-readable form using print_r function. The output is shown in the snapshot above.

Example #2

<?php $newqueue = new SplQueue(); } print_r ($newqueue); print_r ($newqueue);

Output:

Then we are using the valid() function to check if the queue is valid or not after using the rewind() function and then displaying the elements of the queue. Then we are printing the contents of the queue in a human-readable format by using the print_r function. Then we remove all the three items from the head of the queue using the dequeue() function and then display the queue contents after using the dequeuer() function in human-readable form using print_r function, which is an empty queue. The output is shown in the snapshot above.

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Working Of Scala Random With Examples

Introduction to Scala Random

The Scala Random function generates random numbers or characters in Scala. To generate the Random numbers over Scala, we use the Random process with Scala.util.Random class. The Random number generated can be anything,, be it Integer, Float, Double, or Char. This random no is important for various-level applications such as Validation. So it is used for the Random numbers generation in our Scala Application.

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Syntax:

val r = scala.util.Random r: chúng tôi = [email protected] r.nextInt res1: Int = 1825881164 r.nextInt(100) res2: Int = 99 r.nextFloat res3: Float = 0.10983747 Working of Scala Random with Examples

This function takes up the random function to generate numbers for processing; it generally uses the Linear congruential generator; this algorithm works on choosing the random number. We can also select the range over which we want to generate the number over. We will see the random number generation with some examples.

Example #1

Code:

val r = scala.util.Random r: chúng tôi = [email protected] r.nextInt res0: Int = 2123631858 r.nextInt res1: Int = -737405300 r.nextInt res2: Int = 377538368

Every Time the code is run or this function is called we will get the set of different values in the usual pattern without following any rule or pattern. Even we can also set an inclusive as well as an exclusive limit for the random number we want to generate.

Note: By default, the inclusive limit is 0 so we can also set only the exclusive one.

r.nextInt(100) res3: Int = 64 r.nextInt(100) res4: Int = 91 r.nextInt(100) res5: Int = 39 r.nextInt(100) res6: Int = 38

Output:

Example #2

We can also select the Random Float value by the method chúng tôi the range will lie from 0.0 decimal value to 1. Let us check that with some example:

Code:

r.nextFloat res8: Float = 0.59556204 r.nextFloat res9: Float = 0.8322488 r.nextFloat res10: Float = 0.6295014 r.nextFloat res11: Float = 0.69067985 r.nextFloat res12: Float = 0.7225474 r.nextFloat res13: Float = 0.9606658 r.nextFloat res14: Float = 0.77049905

Same as Float we can also create random numbers for Double Values.

r.nextDouble res18: Double = 0.34614360601266014 r.nextDouble res19: Double = 0.38648718502076507 r.nextDouble res20: Double = 0.31311541536121046 r.nextDouble res21: Double = 0.7410149595118738

It also prints the values between 0 to 1. The Boolean value can also use the same Random value and yields result based on Boolean Values.

r.nextBoolean res15: Boolean = true r.nextBoolean res16: Boolean = false r.nextBoolean res17: Boolean = false

Output:

Example #3

Code:

r.nextPrintableChar res24: Char = K r.nextPrintableChar res25: Char = g r.nextPrintableChar res26: Char = k r.nextPrintableChar res27: Char = K r.nextPrintableChar res28: Char = ' r.nextPrintableChar res29: Char = t

So it prints all the CharatcersRandomly. It is possible that the same character or integer value can come many times; there is no rule for the numbers not to be repeated.

Note: This Random function is widely used for Pattern Verification, security applications like Captcha, and other things.

Output:

Example #4

We can also use the Random function over a distribution. One known function that works with it is the Gaussian function. The Gaussian Function takes the Random data over the Gaussian Distribution and prints data accordingly. It returns a random number with a mean of 0 and a deviation of 1. To change this Gaussian value, we need to provide that explicitly.

Code:

r.nextGaussian res35: Double = 1.301074019733114 r.nextGaussian res36: Double = 0.37365693728172494 r.nextGaussian res37: Double = -0.2868649145689896 r.nextGaussian res38: Double = 2.108673488282321

Output:

This is what it generates randomly over a Gaussian Distribution.

Example #5

We can also merge random functions and create a List or store them in the collection we want. Let us check that with Example:

Code:

for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(4)) yield r.nextDouble res40: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Double] = Vector(0.020069508131527525) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(4)) yield r.nextDouble res41: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Double] = Vector(0.6992494049547558) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(10)) yield r.nextDouble res42: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Double] = Vector(0.9844960499444084, 0.06772285166187964, 0.9797605964534618, 0.6239437080597234, 0.015670036830630618, 0.8530556031658404) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(10)) yield r.nextDouble res43: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Double] = Vector(0.0775137969760199, 0.3150585897780521, 0.5429361580144657, 0.7427799136029297, 0.7595647379710992, 0.6097524030728557, 0.5555829149364843, 0.031480808153179884, 0.9486129909099824, 0.1519146584718376) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(10)) yield r.nextPrintableChar res44: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Char] = Vector(Q, q, n, ", [, r, K, 0, B) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(10)) yield r.nextPrintableChar res45: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Char] = Vector(%, ?) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(10)) yield r.nextPrintableChar res46: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Char] = Vector(m, =) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(3)) yield r.nextPrintableChar res47: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Char] = Vector(6) for(i<- 0 to r.nextInt(10)) yield r.nextPrintableChar res48: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Char] = Vector([, =, V, !, Q, f, 9, E)

Here we can see how we merged the different functions of Random and generated results accordingly.

Output:

As a result, this function is used to generate random values throughout the Scala application that may be required repeatedly.

Conclusion

From the above article, we saw how we could use the Scala Random function to generate random values and use it over the Scala Application. We also saw the various type by which we can create a random number. So it is a very good and important method used in Scala Programming for various Scala works.

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How Strlen() Function Work In Php With Examples

Introduction to PHP strlen()

A large set of built-in functions make it easier for the coder or the developer to deal with string-related operations in PHP. The strlen() is one of the popular functions we can say of the PHP string to get the length of the string. As its name has been formed by combining two words, str, and len, str refers to the word string, and the length is the length itself. This function will return the length of the given string. This can be used to get the length of the string of any substring whenever required in the program.

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Syntax:

strlen(String)

strlen: It is the function itself.

String: This is the only parameter that takes as a string.

Return Type:

This returns the length of the string, and it will always be an Integer. There is nothing much with the syntax of this function.

How strlen() Function work in PHP?

Before moving ahead with the strlen, we must have a strong first upon which this function will be applied. It takes the string as a parameter and returns the length of that given string. We can use the characters, special characters, URL, numeric values, and special sequence characters as part of the given string.

The user of strlen ()

Code:

$string = "WELCOME TO INDIA"; echo "Lenght of the given String is: "; echo strlen($string);

The above line of code given the length output as 16 as ‘WELCOME TO INDIA’ contains 16 characters, including the spaces.

Use of strlen() with the special sequence character as a string

We should be careful while passing a string containing special sequence characters like n,t,r, etc. As we can see, we n the 2 characters, but it will be counted as one while we will pass this as a parameter with the strlen() function.

Code:

$string = "rHello"; // a string $length = strlen($string); // lenghtof the string

The above line of code gives the output as 6 rather than 7. If we replace with any other character, then we will see the length 7 as an output. This could be a bit tricky while coding in php using the string strlen() function.

Examples of PHP strlen()

Given below are the examples mentioned :

Example #1

Get the length of the given string.

Code:

<?php $string = "WELCOME TO INDIA"; $Length = strlen($string); echo "Length of the given String is: ".$Length;

Output:

As we can see, there is not much in using this function due to the simplicity of this string function. We can consider this function as one of the easiest functions of the PHP string in nature, passing the string as a parameter to get the length.

Example #2

Get the length of the given string after removing all the spaces from that string.

Code:

<?php $string = "WELCOME TO INDIA"; $lenght = strlen($string); echo "Actual string: ".$string; echo "nLength of the given String including space: ".$lenght; $stringAfterRemovedSpace = str_replace(" ","",$string); echo "nActual String with no spaces: ".$stringAfterRemovedSpace; echo "nLength of the given String excluding space: ".strlen($stringAfterRemovedSpace);

Output:

Example #3

An example program demonstrates the use of strlen() function with the string containing the special character and the escape character.

Code:

<?php $string = "n WELCOME TO INDIA"; $Length = strlen($string); echo "Length of the given String is: ".$Length;

Output:

In the above program, when we count the character, it will come up to 19 in the manual, but it the program output, we can see that the length is showing 18. The length is showing one character lesser just because n is being counted as one.

Example #4

Code:

<?php $string = "WELCOME TO INDIA"; $length = strlen($string); echo "Actual String: ".$string; echo "nLength: ".$length; echo "nReverse String: "; { echo $string[$i]; }

Output:

In the above example code, we can see that the reversing string in php comes up with various stages, which include the getting length of the string, too, because the length of the given string helps the developer of the coder to loop through the end to the first position of the string.

Example #5

Length of the string and length of the reverse string of the same.

Code:

<?php $string = "n WELCOME Home!!!"; $length = strlen($string); echo "Actual String: ".$string; echo "nLength: ".$length; echo "nReverse String: "; $reverseString = ""; { $reverseString .= $string[$i]; } echo $reverseString; echo "nLength of the Reverse String: ".strlen($reverseString);

Output:

Conclusion

Built-in function strlen() can be used to get the length of the string. A developer should be aware enough of the functioning of this function. For example, if n, t, etc. contains in a string, then this 2-character special sequence can be considered as one. This function can be used to get the length of a string to make the further required operations. If we are writing our own custom string reverse code, then we can use this function to calculate the actual length of the string.

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Working Of Kwargs In Python With Examples

Introduction to Python kwargs

In this article, we discuss the kwargs concept in Python. In Python, args is a variable with one star, which passes a variable number of the non-keyworded argument list, whereas kwargs have two stars that pass a variable number of the keyworded argument list to the function. These *args and **kwargs make the function flexible. In Python, we use kwargs, which are keyword arguments used when we provide a name to a variable as we pass it to the function. We use kwargs when we want to handle named arguments with a variable-length argument dictionary in a function.

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Working with kwargs in Python with examples

In this section, when we are unsure how many arguments are needed in the program, we use kwargs with two stars (**) before the parameter name. In Python, when using kwargs, we declare it with two stars (**). Now let us see the demonstration of kwargs in the below example.

Example #1

Code:

print("Program to demonstrate **kwargs for variable number of keywords:") print("n") def concatenate(**kwargs): r = "" for arg in kwargs.values(): r += arg return r print("The concatenated value is displayed as follows:") print(concatenate(a="Educba", b="Training", c="Institue"))

Output:

In the above program, we can see that we have defined a function using the argument variable as kwargs with two stars before it. So when we call this function to concatenate(), which will iterate through the given kwargs dictionary a= “Educba”, b= “Training”, c= “Institue” using “for” loop. Then it prints all these words together, as shown in the output and screenshot above.

Now we will see another use of **kwargs. Let’s see below a function that creates using a dictionary of names.

Example #2

Code:

print("Another use of **kwargs:") print("n") def print_values(**kwargs): for key, value in kwargs.items(): print("The value of {} is {}".format(key, value)) print_values(my_name="Rahul", your_name="Ratan")

Output:

In the above program, we have created a dictionary using **kwargs. As we know dictionary can be unordered; the output might display the name first “Rahul” or with another name, “Ratan” so the dictionary has no order to display the output. This can be seen in the above screenshot.

In Python, the known value within the argument list will remain small whenever the developers or users need a number of inputs without a fix. Let us see below how *args and *kwargs are used. Let us demonstrate below with examples.

Example #3

Below is the program that uses *args to pass the elements to the function in an iterable variable.

Code:

print("Program to demonstrate the *args is as follows:") def func(a, b, c): print(a, b, c) a = [1,2,3] func(*a)

Output:

This program utilizes *args to break the list “a” into three elements. We should also note that the above program works only when the number of parameters of a function is the same as the number of elements in the given iterable variable (here, it is list “a”).

Example #4

Code:

print("Program to demonstrate the **kwargs used in function call is as follows:") def func(a, b, c): print(a, b, c) a = {'a': "one", 'b': "two", 'c': "three" } func(**a)

Output:

In the above program, we are using **kwargs with the name variable as “a” which is a list. Again the above program to work, we need to note that the name of the parameters passed to the function must also have the same name in the dictionary where these act as the keys. And we should also note that the number of arguments should be the same as the number of keys in the dictionary.

In the above section, we observed that args, which employs a single star (), generates the list containing positional arguments defined from the provided function call. Whereas we saw in the above **kwargs, which has a double star (**) which creates a dictionary with keys as each element whose contents can be keyword arguments after those defined from the function call. Hence *args and **kwargs are standard conventions to catch positional and keyword arguments, respectively. We should also note that when we use these two types of arguments in one function, we cannot place or write **kwargs before *args, or we will receive an error.

Conclusion

This article concludes that **kwargs is a keyword argument length list when creating the function with parameters. In this, we saw simple examples of **kwargs. We also saw the use of **kwargs when we were unsure of how many parameters to use we can use kwargs. Then we also saw the difference between *args and **kwargs and how they are used in the function call. In this article, we also saw some important notes to remember, such as we need to pass the same number of arguments with the same number of elements when calling the function. We also saw **kwargs creates a dictionary that displays an unordered element when executed.

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Learn How Xml Dom Works Along With The Examples?

Introduction to XML DOM

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DOM was first developed after W3C (World wide web consortium) recommendations in 2004. Later this is handled by WHATWG (Web hypertext application technology working group). Major web technology contributors like Google, Microsoft, apple came together to be part of this group to set global web standards to be followed word wide for easy and fast data transmission in the era of connectivity and diversity of technologies.

How XML DOM Works?

DOM divides any XML or HTML document into tree structure making any document very easy to access and manipulate. This can be well understood by demonstrating this concept with the help of an example.

XML Code:

The code written above is the example of document implementing DOM in it. The structure above has a parent node called: “school”. It is called as “root” node as this is the main node which becomes the start node of a given tree. This school node has three child nodes “student” having their own characteristics which are stored in the form of data in these nodes. Characteristic nodes here are “firstname”, “lastname” and “phonenumber”. These nodes will be child nodes of the parent node called “student”. The last node of the tree is called as “leave” nodes. In this case, the leave nodes are “lastname”, “firstname and “phonenumber”. The actual data is finally stored in leave nodes. We have the “attribute” nodes “category” containing information about the subject stream of the student. This tree structure simplifies the data storage scheme and standardizes it as well. This is the reason it becomes faster to access the data.

Important features of XML DOM

Any node can have only one parent node. There cannot be a two-parent node for a single node.

A parent node can have more than one child nodes though.

Child nodes can have their child nodes assigned in any numbers.

Child nodes can have other types of nodes assigned to them called “attribute” nodes. These nodes are used to contain some extra characteristics of the node. This node is different than the child node.

The nodes of the same level in a tree are called “sister” nodes.

DOM identifies the structure of information stored in a hierarchy.

DOM is used to establish a relationship between data stored in different nodes.

Examples

Below is the working code of XML DOM. We can copy this code in notepad and save it using “file.xml”. This can be run in the browser then to check the result. This code has an XML file that follows DOM scheme. We are using “id” as a start point. WE are passing the XML data structure in the script. Then we are using xml parser to extract the value/data from the XML structure using node.

IN this example the name, contact number and the passing year is stored as child node data under student node. “student” node is the child node for parent node called “studentdetails” Here the root node is “studentdetails” as this is the originating node for this tree structure. There are no characteristics assigned to the nodes. We are extracting data at the eb=nd by using tag anme and child node index. In the below example we are extracting the name of the student. DOMParser() is the function used to extract the XML code from the text string passed in the program. DOMParser() is the function defined with an efficiency to extract the XML type code using tags from the normal string passed.

XML Code:

Output:

Conclusion

XML DOM is one of the ways to extract data from XML Documents. DOM not only is a standardized way for XML documents but also used by developers for data extraction of HTML documents. This gives a lot of flexibility for data access and dynamic changes in the web pages. This was designed to keep the world standards in mind so that browsers operating in a different programming language can have a common structure to define data over the net. This makes data access symmetric across the globe irrespective of the browser installed in the local machine.

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Learn How Oracle Ebs Works Along With The Examples?

Introduction to Oracle ebs

Oracle EBS includes different types of integrated business applications that are provided by the oracle. The full form of EBS is the Oracle E-Business Suite. Basically, it is used to combine all the oracle applications that are helpful to businesses with their wide variety of processes. Mainly it focuses on enterprise resource planning, how we can build a customer relationship that is customer relationship management and supply chain management. Oracle database management system is the most widely used oracle enterprise software package and is also the core technological driver of the package. The EBS mainly allows us to upload and analyze data as well as mapping metadata for Hyperion EBS. The first time it was released was in 2001 and after that oracle has continuously updated the EBS packages.

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How Oracle ebs works?

Basically, it is work on different major factors as follows.

Enterprise Resource Planning

The main thing about the EBS suite is that it works the same as an ERP application. The EBS suite allows users to have a single resource truth for uploading and analyzing their data. In which we can include Hyperion EBS integration which provides the mapping functionality and that is helpful for extracting data and metadata. The main purpose of Enterprise Resource Planning is to improve collaboration work and also reduce the cost.

Customer Relationship Management

Customer Relationship Management means CRM, in which that single source of truth for all of its CRM processes. Mainly CRM is used to build relationships with customers to improve the business that means it is a business intelligence application tool that is helpful to improve the business.

Supply Chain Management

Oracle supply chain management is the most important factor in EBS because it brings all various feedback related to products or services. This is helpful to design the product and how we can provide it better to the customer. It mainly focuses on finding errors and bugs with the huge amount of data produced. It includes order and price management well as also deals with logistics and transportation management.

Oracle Financials

This includes cash management, which is payables, receivables, and general ledger.

Human Resource Management System

This helps to manage all recruitment process and this module gives users real-time views of all HR activities, including training, time management, payroll, and other benefits.

Oracle Logistics

The oracle logistics allow the user to plan, manage and control the flow of products and services within the business. It also provides information about the future plan as well as safety stock within the peculiar warehouse.

Order Management

This module is used to manage the entire business sales order management process.

Transportation Management

Transportation management is used to manage the transportation planning and execution capabilities of third-party logistics providers and shippers. Advantages of transportation management are reducing the transportation costs as well as customer service.

Warehouse Management System

Oracle warehouse management system is used to manage goods and their information within the distribution process. This module provides business processes that can be helpful for managing the employee, equipment within the distribution process.

Advantages

Oracle ebs is used to manage global businesses.

It also helps to facilitate decision-making.

Oracle is used to reduce the cost of products and provides better service to the customer.

Oracle ebs support different tools such as CRM, ERP, and SCM.

With the help of CRM tools, we manage the order of customers, provide better service to the customer that means we can build a relationship with the customer, this is nothing but the CRM.

Oracle ebs is very fast and reliable and it has the ability to customize the aas per the requirement.

The GUI of oracle ebs is not straightforward and it is not user-friendly.

Oracle ebs required a high maintenance cost which is not affordable for small organizations.

Oracle ebs deployment and customization required more efforts as well as it also required coordination between departments and developers.

In oracle ebs online patching required more error-free.

The problem in launching the multiple forms sessions.

Examples

Now let’s see different examples of oracle ebs as follows.

First, we need to login into the oracle integration cloud service.

In the above screenshot, we show how we can build the connection. This is the reference screenshot from the official oracle website.

After that, we need to select an agent group

Select the desired agent group like EBS after that we need to specify the connection details as shown in the above screenshot. Then test the connection and save the setting. Selecting agent group as shown below screenshot.

So we successfully establish the connection and also we add the EBS agent group. Then the next step is to select the web services as shown in the screenshot below.

After that, we need to select the process order method from the operation page as shown in the below screenshot.

We see the summary by using the summary page option, below screenshot shows the summary of the target endpoint.

Above mentioned all screenshots we take from the official website of the oracle.

In this way, we can perform different operations with the help of oracle ebs.

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