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“Why should I be so bitter about a mythical made up meaningless number?”
Being involved in the search marketing industry automatically subscribes you to caring about PageRank. From building and retaining PageRank, we obsess – despite the fact that we know it is completely irrelevant to rankings and results.
Even worse is that PageRank only serves as a currency exchanged between site owners and link brokers who intend to game the system. Google warned us all, and now marketers are dealing with the repercussions of ignoring the message handed down.
Even among the most popular and reputable sites — this most recent update saw PageRank values drop. In turn, the changes caused site owners to become more concerned and irate with the system… and that process is still ongoing.
The trouble is that there is an element of reputation involved. We like to stand by our sites with a big old grin as high numbers show along tool bars filled with green.
When things like PageRank are cut in half though, we immediately wish the worst upon Google. In many cases too, those thoughts are justified.
I refuse to be bullied and that’s why I’m pulling Google AdSense from the forums. We never bought links (or ad space) from anywhere… …Google punishes web site owners and while I can see it for obvious spam and forced rank in SERPS, I don’t see why they fly around on their broom as they do.
While I hope that I have preserved enough of the context of the above conversation — I think the point made is clear. Site owners and webmasters are now so irate at Google’s treatment and changing of PageRank values, that it is bleeding through in other areas.
The title of this article of course is a cliche… So let’s finish off on the same note in an effort to send a small message to Google. “Don’t bite the hand that feeds you” comes to mind… While we are all highly opinionated, and often times controversial — we as search marketers often fuel the growth of Google dependency among those interested in search marketing.
As such, if Google’s efforts to police things algorithmically backfire and cause alarm to those in the industry — watch out.
You're reading Google’s Pagerank: A Double Edged Sword
Msi Sword 15 A12Ue Review: Decent Performance At A Reasonable Price
Pros
Attractive, simple design
Lighter than most budget gaming laptops
RTX 3060 can handle most modern games
Competitive pricing
Cons
Mediocre keyboard and small touchpad
Dim display with narrow color gamut
CPU and GPU performance slightly behind competitors
Webcam and connectivity don’t impress
Our VerdictThe MSI Sword 15 A12UE is a fine gaming laptop, but lackluster features and several minor flaws keep it a step behind its competition.
Gamers looking for a mid-range laptop have a lot of choice and, with mid-range RTX 40-series hardware presumably arriving later in 2023, it’s an excellent time to snag a deal on outgoing 30-series laptops. The MSI Sword 15 A12UE is a reasonably priced offering that shows promise in performance tests. Its design and features, however, could use improvement.
Note: See our roundup of the best gaming laptops under $1,000 to learn about competing products, what to look for in a budget gaming laptop, and buying recommendations.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: Specs and featuresThe MSI Sword 15 A12UE is a 15.6-inch gaming laptop with an Intel Core i7-12650H processor, 16GB DDR5 memory, and an Nvidia RTX 3060 GPU. It also has a 1920×1080 144Hz display and a 1TB PCIe Gen4 M.2 solid state drive
CPU: Intel Core i7-12650H
Memory: 16GB DDR5
Graphics/GPU: Nvidia RTX 3060
Display: 1920×1080 144Hz IPS
Storage: 1TB PCIe Gen4 M.2 solid state drive
Webcam: 720p
Connectivity: 1x USB-C, 3x USB-A, 1x HDMI, 1x Ethernet, 1x 3.5mm combo audio, 1x AC barrel plug
Networking: Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2
Biometrics: None
Battery capacity: 53 watt-hours
Dimensions: 14.13 x 10.20 x 0.98 inches
Weight: 4.96 pounds
MSRP: $1,299.99
The laptop’s specifications are otherwise unremarkable. It offers a decent array of ports, but nothing beyond the norm, and supports the usual Wi-Fi standards. The webcam sticks to 720p and biometric login isn’t included.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: Design and build qualityIDG / Matthew Smith
The MSI Sword 15 A12UE’s chassis is nearly identical to the MSI Katana, with one important exception: the color. Sword models come in white with black accents and a blue keyboard backlight, while Katana models are black with red accents and a red keyboard backlight. Personally, I prefer the Sword’s design. It looks like a budget Alienware R15.
Build quality is good, but not outstanding. MSI’s choice of plastics leans towards sleek, slippery surfaces without much sense of texture or substance. Despite this, the laptop’s rigidity is good, allowing minimal flex across most surfaces. It’s a cut above the least expensive Acer Nitro and Asus TUF laptops and more similar to competitors like the Dell G7 and Lenovo Legion 5.
mentioned in this article
Acer Nitro 5 (2023)
Read our review
Best Prices Today:
It’s light for a budget gaming laptop, weighing in at just 4.96 pounds. Most alternatives weigh around 5.5 pounds. This difference is noticeable when handling the laptop. Dropping a few ounces doesn’t make the laptop much more portable, though. It’s still close to an inch thick and over 14 inches wide. The Lenovo Legion 5i, Dell G7 15, and HP Victus 15 are similar in size.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: Keyboard and trackpadIDG / Matthew Smith
MSI’s Sword has a conventional keyboard layout with numpad, although the numpad’s half-sized keys may be uncomfortable for frequent use. The keyboard’s size is comparable to other budget laptops but some space remains on either side that could be better utilized.
The keyboard is sure to disappoint gamers who prefer a tactile experience. Key travel is long, but key feel is vague and springy, which makes high-speed typing or gameplay feel less precise. The typing experience is similar to other budget gaming laptops including the Dell G7 and Asus TUF series, but the Lenovo Legion 5 and Acer Nitro 5 perform better.
Keyboard backlighting comes standard and is only available in blue, with three brightness levels to choose from.
The touchpad, unlike the keyboard, is cramped. It measures just 4 inches wide and 2.5 inches across. The lack of touchpad surface makes multitouch gestures annoying to use. This is a common problem among many budget gaming laptops though, once again, Lenovo’s Legion 5 leap ahead. It has a more spacious touchpad measuring five inches wide and three inches deep.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: Display, audioIDG / Matthew Smith
The MSI Sword 15 A12UE comes equipped with a 15.6-inch 1080p IPS display featuring a 144Hz refresh rate. A few more expensive configurations have a 1080p 240Hz panel instead. Unfortunately, the 144Hz display’s performance is disappointing.
The issues begin with brightness. At only 266 nits, the display isn’t bright enough for comfortable use in a well-lit room. Lackluster brightness saps vibrance from the image. It often appears a bit dull and dim, especially if you choose to turn the display even a couple notches down from its maximum brightness setting.
Contrast is better, reaching a maximum ratio of 1210:1. That’s a decent showing for a budget gaming laptop and on par with some more expensive alternatives, like the Acer Predator Helios 300. The Sword’s contrast ratio is enough to offer a sense of depth and dimensionality in many situations, but darker areas of the screen will look hazy when the laptop is viewed in a dark room.
mentioned in this article
Lenovo Legion 5i
Read our review
Color performance, on the other hand, is a major problem. The 1080p 144Hz display covers just 70 percent of the sRGB color gamut and 53 percent of DCI-P3. That’s about as low as you’ll find on any modern laptop or standalone monitor. Colors often appear faded, as if the image was left out in the sun for a few years.
The display’s 144Hz refresh rate offers good, but not great, motion performance. Fast-moving objects show slight motion blur and small details are obscured, but there’s clear improvement in motion clarity compared to the laptop with a 60Hz panel. The laptop doesn’t support G-Sync, so gamers must rely on V-Sync or play with the framerate uncapped.
The built-in speakers are modest but respectable. Spoken dialogue, podcasts, and YouTube videos are enjoyable, but music and games lack oomph. The sound stage is rarely distorted or muddy, at least, which places the Sword’s speakers a peg above most budget gaming laptops.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: Webcam, microphone, biometricsThe MSI Sword 15 A12UE has a 720p webcam that performs poorly. The image appears soft with muted, faded colors, and the webcam struggles to adjust to changes in lighting. A video conference over Zoom or Google Meet will look ok (these generally restrict video quality to 720p or below, anyway), but the camera’s limitations are obvious when attempting to stream at higher resolutions or record video.
Microphone quality is acceptable, effectively capturing my voice while minimizing background noise. Recorded audio sounds thin and metallic, but this is a common problem for all laptop microphones. Laptops in this price range won’t offer a better experience.
Biometric login isn’t supported by any MSI Sword configuration.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: ConnectivityIDG / Matthew Smith
A variety of USB-C and USB-A connectivity lines the Sword 15’s flanks. It has one USB-C port and three USB-A ports (two of which are USB 3.2). These are joined by HDMI, Ethernet, and a 3.5mm combo audio jack.
The USB-C port is limited, however. It can’t support DisplayPort video or charge the laptop. This was confirmed through testing with a USB-C monitor that provides Power Delivery and a USB-C power brick. That’s disappointing news. The Dell G7 15 has a USB-C port with DisplayPort Alternate Mode, and the newest Lenovo Legion 5 laptops offer that plus up to 135 watts of USB Power Delivery.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: PerformanceThe MSI Sword 15 A12UE comes equipped with an Intel Core i7-12650H processor, 16GB of RAM, and a 1TB NVMe PCIe Gen4 solid state drive. Graphics are provided by Nvidia’s RTX 3060 with 6GB of GDDR6 memory and a maximum graphics power of 105 watts. This is typical hardware for the price.
MSI provides several different power modes. The company requested the laptop be tested in Extreme Performance mode, but this ramps the fan speed up to maximum and keeps it there—an annoying experience, to say the least. I’m presenting results from testing in the Balanced performance mode instead. The Extreme Performance mode provides small gains to performance, but rarely greater than five percent when compared to the Balanced mode..
Let’s dive into the results.
IDG / Matthew Smith
PCMark 10 is a complete system benchmark, though it does tend to lean more heavily towards processor performance. The MSI Sword 15 A12UE may seem a bit under-powered here, due to its Core i7-12650H (instead of the Core i7-12700H, which is available at this price point), but it makes a good showing. The Lenovo Legion 5i, the quickest laptop in this competitive set, only beats the Sword by a few hundred points.
IDG / Matthew Smith
Handbrake remains on trend. The MSI Sword performs similarly to the Katana, which was tested with the same Core i7-12650H processor. The AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS and Intel Core i7-12700H run ahead of the Sword by a more significant margin than before, however.
Now we come to the star of the show: the GPU. The MSI Sword 15 A12UE, like most gaming laptops priced a few hundred above $1,000, selects Nvidia’s GTX 3060 for its graphics grunt. Its performance is respectable but slightly lags some competitors.
IDG / Matthew Smith
3DMark Time Spy gives the Sword a strong start with a score of 8,291. This falls behind the Lenovo Legion 5i and Acer Nitro 5 with Nvidia’s RTX 3060, but the gap is so small that it’s basically a tie. All three laptops provide healthy performance for the price and will generally outperform thinner laptops (like the Dell XPS 15) with the same GPU.
IDG / Matthew Smith
Shadow of the Tomb Raider starts to separate the pack. The MSI Sword turns in an average of 99 frames-per-second. That’s seven less than the Acer Nitro 5 and 11 less than the Lenovo Legion 5i. It’s still not a massive gap, but the Sword is starting to fall behind.
IDG / Matthew Smith
Metro Exodus is a demanding title. The Sword offers a playable average of 35 frames-per-second, but falls several frames behind the Acer Nitro 5 and Lenovo Legion 5i. A performance gap of this size isn’t easy to notice in real-world gameplay, but it’s hard to accept even a slight dip in performance when all three laptops hover around the same $1,300 price point.
I also benchmarked the Sword in Cyberpunk 2077 with ray-tracing turned on. It averaged 26 frames-per-second at 1080p resolution with Ultra ray tracing settings—exactly the same as the Lenovo Legion 5i. Performance improved to an average of 44 frames-per-second at Medium ray tracing settings with DLSS in Performance mode, which is playable, if not smooth.
What about the Extreme Performance mode? It offers a minor bump: Shadow of the Tomb Raider increased from an average of 99 FPS to 105 FPS, while Metro Exodus nudged up from 35 FPS to 36 FPS. That’s not enough to beat the Acer Nitro 5 or Lenovo Legion 5i.
While the Sword isn’t as quick as some competitors, I wouldn’t call it a dealbreaker. A performance deficit this small is hard to notice in real world use. A slight discount to the Sword’s price relative to the competition will put it back into contention.
MSI Sword 15 A12UEL: Battery lifeThe MSI Sword 15 A12UE has a 53.3 watt-hour battery. This isn’t a large battery for a gaming laptop, but also not unusual for gaming laptops sold at or near $1,000. The lack of juice leaves the Sword out of breath after a few hours.
IDG / Matthew Smith
Battery life comes in at four hours and 11 minutes—enough for a short flight or half-day at a coffee shop, but that’s it. I’ll also mention that our test, which loops a 4K clip of the short film Tears of Steel, is not demanding. Expect a significant cut to battery life if you play games while on battery power.
Should you buy the MSI Sword 15 A12UEL?The MSI Sword 15 A12UE delivers good performance at a reasonable price. Older games are playable at 60 FPS or better. Even the most demanding games can achieve 30 FPS with only a few settings turned down from their maximum.
It’s the details, not game performance, which blunt the Sword’s edge. The keyboard is merely okay, the touchpad is small, and the USB-C port doesn’t support video or charging. Display quality also falls short. The Lenovo Legion 5i and Acer Nitro 5 are a better choice when equal in price.
None of the Sword’s flaws are dealbreakers, though, and it’s worth considering when its MSRP is slashed. MSI often makes such cuts. Currently, a Sword 15 model with an RTX 3070 Ti is available on Best Buy for just $1,199.99.
Google’s Reasonable Surfer Model: A Scalable Solution To Paid Links?
Google recently released a patent based on the browsing tendencies of “reasonable surfers”. Within, it details that previously, Google had followed a “random surfer” model – that every link on a page was equally important, without process or thought on user tendency or where the most used links would lie.
This means that certain links, like footer and sidebar links in particular, are likely to be devalued. And it’s as they should, right? If a link is tucked away in the footer, the webmaster is stating that he doesn’t care much for it – or it has little value other than for extraneous pleas to the search engines.
When this was released, my initial thought was that this made sense, sure, CTR, rationale, important links, etc. But what I didn’t weigh was the thing that it most importantly impacted – paid links.
Spammy, nefarious paid links litter sidebars and footers all over the internet. In droves. So, then, was this implementation one that was meant to find the strongest links – or, otherwise, had the most reason to devalue the spammy ones?
Not so long ago, Matt Cutts came out as saying that Google takes action against Conductor’s paid link network – one known to purchase links on some of the biggest, most valuable sites on the internet.
Despite this, murmurs persisted – and rankings seemingly backed up – that these sites still had value being passed to them – and for sure, none of them had been de-indexed or heavily penalized. So, then, what did Matt Cutts mean when he said “we do take action in response (to Conductor’s paid link network)”?
Maybe – maybe – what he meant was that Google was actively applying the reasonable surfer model to devalue these links – just as they were on every other website on the internet.
Yes, that’s right. You can guess where these links – Conductor’s links – are located on the biggest sites on the internet — the deep, bottom right section of the sidebar.
A Scalable SolutionThere’s been complaints about the state of webspam, particularly from one of the biggest voices in the industry. However, I think Google is doing a fine job – and they’re doing it in a way that makes sense for them. Scalability. It is my theory that one of the biggest reasons for this patent is that it offers a scalable solution to paid links – devaluing a large majority of links that were improperly skimping the index.
Oh, Wait — The ProblemBefore we go, let me offer one point of error with this model – sometime users don’t matter. Think about most reasonable blogs on the internet. Do you think the body content is the part where links should be given the most credence? No. The links on a blog – a natural blog – that are the biggest indicator of a “vote” for a website are in the blogroll – something that frequently goes ignored by the user.
In this instance, user behavior should be ignored – because the blogroll is the spot where the webmaster is willing to put their neck on the line. They are willing to put their neck on the line for links that sit there. And are sitewide. These are the links they visit frequently – and if someone who runs a website with 50k backlinks says THIS site is worth having in their blogroll, the users shouldn’t mean a damn.
No matter, the reasonable surfer says the reasonable surfer generally ignores this area. But it’s the biggest damn vote on the internet. IT’S THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE OF THE INTERNET.
Google – the body content’s votes don’t matter – but the blogrolls do.
Frequently ignored links for President.
Why P2E Nft Games Need To Double
When Brazilian game developer Mark Venturelli virtually took the stage at Brazil’s International Games (BIG) Festival on July 8, he was ostensibly set to give a talk on his vision for the future of game design.
Instead, Venturelli used his platform to deliver an impassioned speech to the festival’s attendees on why NFTs vis-à-vis play-to-earn (P2E) games are wholly incompatible with his personal vision for how game design should strive to progress in the coming years. A brave move, to say the least, considering that blockchain gaming platform Lakea was among the festival’s corporate partners.
A cynical view of Web3Venturelli kicked off his presentation with a broad definition of what blockchain technology ultimately represents to society, calling it “a brilliant solution to the wrong problem.” According to the English version of his slides from that evening’s talk, Venturelli argued that blockchain tech enables users to “[keep] a secure ledger between a group of people that have absolutely zero trust between one another.” Pushing this point further, Venturelli claimed that these technologies encourage users to distrust central authorities, laws, institutions, and other people. Without this trust in place, Venturelli argued, society wouldn’t be able to function.
But is this actually the case in practice? Do Web3-first communities really not trust each other? Considering how NFT projects have consistently proven to be excellent channels for community-building efforts, this particular point rings somewhat hollow. For instance, collectors of VeeFriends NFTs shelled out a pretty penny for the digital collectibles when they launched back in 2023.
Why? Their overall utility. These NFTs didn’t just serve as tickets into internet mogul Gary Vaynerchuk’s exclusive community, they also serve as passes to events like VeeCon. Just this year at chúng tôi people even willingly (and happily) trotted around the streets of New York City in goblin masks, proudly repping the Goblintown community. None of this could happen without trust.
Found a random @goblintownwtf goblin at @NFT_NYC … 🧐 what conference talks does a goblin attend? 😂 chúng tôi chúng tôi (@JaySerpens) June 23, 2023
After this segment of his talk, Venturelli then proceeded to dive into his exact reasons why NFTs should not be a part of the future of gaming.
The purported ills of speculationVenturelli argued that economic activity, let alone speculative economic activity, has no place in gaming. Part of Venturelli’s working definitions of crypto and NFTs is that, as a whole, they are essentially just speculative economic activities: high-risk, high-reward bets. Venturelli, like most other Web3 critics, then proceeded to liken investing in these digital assets to participating in a pyramid scheme.
Never mind the fact that not all NFTs exist as for-profit ventures for their prospective buyers. In fact, for non-profit organizations, the nature of these digital assets gives them the opportunity to grant donors unique value propositions not commonly found in traditional fundraising efforts.
But what of the people who do view NFTs as an avenue to make a quick buck? These types of people, Venturelli argued, pose the biggest threat to core gaming audiences should more games adopt a P2E model. These people, Venturelli suggested, would likely go on to form “dedicated groups operating in scale with ever-shrinking margins,” ensuring that players who lack either the time or resources to organize in such a way would only see minuscule financial returns for their time invested in a game.
Venturelli then pointed out that these types of people have already poisoned a fair share of online game communities in the past. Gold farmers, bots, and other bad actors have ruined the experience of MMO gamers as far back as the OG web-based Runescape from nearly two decades ago, bending the in-game economy to their will.
Play-to-earn’s roots in core gamingOne of Venturelli’s strongest arguments against the presence of P2E elements in games was that, ultimately, there is no ‘play’ in ‘play-to-earn.’ But is this true in practice? Looking at Valve’s multi-player titles since TF2, namely Counter Strike: Global Offensive and DOTA 2 this doesn’t seem to be the case at all. You can make a lot of money from selling skins for these games — or even playing them at a high level, as evidenced by The International’s multi-million dollar prize pool — but is that why millions of people around the world play them day in and day out?
Ultimately, Venturelli’s talk got one thing right: games that primarily serve as P2E experiences have no place in the future of game design and development. Games should be fun, first and foremost. The portrait Venturelli paints of a gaming landscape dominated by games that prioritize financial rewards for its users over fun is bleak. But that doesn’t have to be the case.
Blindly Follow Google’s John Mueller?
Reddit Discussion About Mueller’s AdviceThe person starting the discussion seemed to not be satisfied with Mueller’s Office Hours videos on YouTube.
They wrote:
“Do you blindly believe and follow what John Muller says in “Google Webmaster Videos”.
For me, I don’t follow everything, as some of his statements are self-contradictory.”
Is John Mueller Contradictory?I’ve seen many people say that. In cases where the person making the assertion linked to contradictory statements, it’s always been the case that Mueller’s words were being taken out of context or spun.
For example, Mueller has been consistent that publishers do not need to file disavow links. But for some reason, his words keep getting twisted out of context to make it seem like he’s encouraging disavows.
Here’s a good example of that happening, which I documented here.
The context of the entire discussion on a video was Mueller telling the person asking the question that publishers don’t need to disavow unless there’s a manual action or if the publisher knows that the links will trigger a manual action.
He then says that if it’s borderline link building done years ago, then that’s something Google could handle on its own without triggering a manual action and no disavow needed.
Mueller literally answers multiple questions and each time re-asserts there’s no need to file a disavow.
Finally, when pressed yet again, Mueller will literally shrug and says something like, if you want to do it, go ahead.
The headline the next day will be, “Mueller says Disavows are Helpful.”
That’s not Mueller being contradictory. That’s Mueller’s words being taken completely out of context to push an agenda.
I have been listening to every Office Hours video for two years now for Search Engine Journal.
Watching them first hand, without the spin, I can see that John Mueller is not contradictory.
If he did contradict himself, I would have pointed that out already. Mueller is remarkably consistent.
John Mueller’s Twitter PollJohn’s poll asked:
“Do you blindly believe what John Mueller says on YouTube?”
The results at the time of writing were:
Yes 22.8%
No 34.2%
Sometimes 24.8%
Cheese 18.2%
Do SEOs Follow Google’s Mueller Blindly? Many SEOs on Twitter who followed Mueller believe he is a reliable source of information, but with the reasonable caveat that nobody should be followed blindly.Once it’s been tested 😉
You often ask webmasters for examples/details to help make the answer more clear. That says a lot.
Appreciate all you do, JM!
— Ethan Lazuk 🌴 (@EthanLazuk) August 24, 2023
I believe what you say, not blindly but with the proper context. Your contributions are beneficial, giving that you must act within Google’s constraints. Also, search is sophisticated and in constant evolution.
— Samuel Lavoie (@SammyQc) August 24, 2023
I believe everything you say within 1) protecting trade sekrets and 2) a narrow context of the specific conversation you are in. I am sure the “John Mu once said “X”. New seo rule!” Either amuses or frustrates you.
— Rob P (@MrRobzilla) August 24, 2023
Following whatever Mueller says probably won’t negatively affect a publisher:Not blindly, no, but since what you say is pretty much what I read in research papers and books on IR and at IR conferences and you’re a very experienced software engineer I’m inclined to believe what you say 🙂
— Dawn Anderson (@dawnieando) August 24, 2023
There were those who find it difficult to reconcile contradictions between what they see and what Mueller says.
Some see a discrepancy in what Mueller recommends:— Amine Dahimene (@aminedahimene) August 24, 2023
Others believe that John’s answers are given in the spirit of helpfulness:I believe you answer questions with a genuine desire to be as helpful as you’re allowed to be within Google’s constraints and the limits of your own knowledge of this vastly complex system we call ‘search’.
— Barry Adams 🛠⚙️⌨️ (@badams) August 24, 2023
Some answered no because they won’t follow anyone blindly. The part about following “blindly” was a sticking point for many.No, but only because “blindly” was added.
— Jeff Ferguson (@CountXero) August 24, 2023
where is the fun in that… no never believe anything anyone says blindly otherwise you might as well give up as a marketer… there are plenty of things we ask that we know you can’t give the actual answer for..
— David Iwanow #WearAMask (@davidiwanow) August 24, 2023
And of course, some responded with humor.I used to believe that Mueller’s information was sometimes unreliable. Then I started listening to the Office Hours hangouts myself and receiving the information first hand instead of what someone else wrote.
That’s when I discovered that the perception of contradiction seems to come from the person writing about what Mueller said. The other reason why Mueller might sound unreliable is because what he says doesn’t match up with what the publisher thinks they’re seeing in the SERPs.
John Mueller’s poll is here:
(FWIW votes are anonymous on Twitter :-))
— 🍌 John 🍌 (@JohnMu) August 24, 2023
The Reddit discussion is here:
C++ Program To Convert Int Variables Into Double
Int type variables in C++ are used to contain positive or negarive integer values, but this type is unable to contain fractional values. For that, there are float and double values. Double datatype is specifically designed to hold fractional values upto seven digits after the decimal point. Conversion between integer and double variables can be automatically handled by the compiler, known as ‘implicit’ conversion or can be explicitly triggered by the programmer to the compiler. We discuss the different ways of conversion in the following sections.
Implicit ConversionImplicit type conversions are done automatically by the compiler. For this to occur, we take two variables; one of integer type and the another one of float type. Then we just assign the integer value or variable to the float variable and everything else will be handled by the compiler.
Algorithm
Take an integer value as the input.
Assign the value to a double variable.
Display the output.
Syntaxdouble output = input;
Exampleusing
namespace
std
;
double
solve
(
int
value
)
{
double
opVal
=
value
;
return
opVal
;
}
int
main
(
)
{
int
ip
=
25
;
double
op
=
solve
(
ip
)
;
cout
<<
“The input value is: “
<<
ip
<<
endl
;
cout
<<
“The output value is: “
<<
op
<<
endl
;
return
0
;
}
Output The input value is: 25 The output value is: 25As we can see the conversion process is pretty straightforward. We do not need to perform any kind of special operations; we just assign the input variable to the output variable.
Explicit conversionExplicit conversion happens when the programmer specifically instructs the compiler to convert a data type to another. This can be done using two ways, one is by mentioning the data type during assignment, and the another one is using static_cast. We describe the first method before.
Algorithm
Take an integer value as the input;
Assign the value to a double variable using explicit casting to boolean.
Display the output.
Mentioning datatype during assignmentThis can also be done in two different ways. One is the C-styled version and another one is the function-styled casting.
C-Styled versionWe mention the resultant datatype before the source variable or the value enclosed within brackets.
Syntaxdouble output = (double) input;
Exampleusing
namespace
std
;
double
solve
(
int
value
)
{
double
opVal
=
(
double
)
value
;
return
opVal
;
}
int
main
(
)
{
int
ip
=
35
;
double
op
=
solve
(
ip
)
;
cout
<<
“The input value is: “
<<
ip
<<
endl
;
cout
<<
“The output value is: “
<<
op
<<
endl
;
return
0
;
}
Output The input value is: 35 The output value is: 35 Function-styled castingWe mention the resultant datatype and enclose the source value within brackets as we do while passing an argument to a function.
Syntaxdouble output = double(input);
Exampleusing
namespace
std
;
double
solve
(
int
value
)
{
double
opVal
=
double
(
value
)
;
return
opVal
;
}
int
main
(
)
{
int
ip
=
45
;
double
op
=
solve
(
ip
)
;
cout
<<
“The input value is: “
<<
ip
<<
endl
;
cout
<<
“The output value is: “
<<
op
<<
endl
;
return
0
;
}
Output The input value is: 45 The output value is: 45 Using static_cast Syntax Exampleusing
namespace
std
;
double
solve
(
int
value
)
{
return
opVal
;
}
int
main
(
)
{
int
ip
=
55
;
double
op
=
solve
(
ip
)
;
cout
<<
“The input value is: “
<<
ip
<<
endl
;
cout
<<
“The output value is: “
<<
op
<<
endl
;
return
0
;
}
Output The input value is: 55 The output value is: 55From the last three examples, we can see that the explicit conversion process is almost similar whether we use static_cast, C-styled casting, or the function styled casting. In all three cases, we have to mention the resultant data type before the assignment.
ConclusionThe several methods for converting an integer to a double value were covered. The programmer must determine which conversion method is most suited for the particular case because different conversion scenarios call for different conversion methods. However, because implicit conversions are carried out automatically, the programmer should not be concerned with carrying out sophisticated tactics.
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